在监狱办企业 Inside job to stop reoffending

Peter Foster, managing director of the family-owned Fosters Bakery in Barnsley, in the north of England, has discovered an unusual answer to a familiar recruitment problem. The town is home to more than a dozen big bakeries, and workers were used to flitting from one job to another, making it hard to raise skill levels or productivity.	彼得•福斯特(Peter Foster)是英格兰北部巴恩斯利市家族企业Fosters Bakery的董事总经理，他发现了一种不同寻常的方法，来解决一个常见的招聘问题。该市拥有超过12家大型面包店，员工们过去经常跳槽，这使得技能或生产率很难提高。
He found the solution behind bars. Invited by Yorkshire Forward, the regional development agency, he visited nearby Lindholme prison where the governor wanted to equip inmates for life outside. Yorkshire Forward built a bakery there and Mr Foster agreed to take serving prisoners on day release, and those leaving prison, to work for him. Their discipline and loyalty are excellent, he says, and “I would rather have them paying taxes than living off them”.	他在监狱找到了解决办法。受地区开发机构Yorkshire Forward的邀请，他参观了附近的林德赫尔墨监狱(Lindholme)，监狱长希望让服刑的罪犯为出狱后的生活做好准备。Yorkshire Forward在那里开了家面包店，福斯特同意让处于监外执行期的犯人和那些即将出狱的犯人为他工作。他表示，他们的纪律性和忠诚度非常高，“我更希望让他们缴税，而不是依靠他们。”
Fosters is one of a growing band of companies in the UK that has turned to the prison population for staff, helped by a government drive to cut reoffending rates by finding ex-offenders long-term jobs rather than training opportunities.	英国有越来越多的公司聘用犯人做员工，Fosters Bakery只是其中之一。这些公司得到了一项政府举措的帮助。政府希望为前罪犯找到长期工作，而不只是让他们得到培训机会，借此降低再犯罪率。
The National Offender Management Service (Noms), an arm of the Ministry of Justice, believes that securing a job is the best way to stop ex-inmates returning to prison, yet they face many challenges in finding employment. Noms set up a corporate alliance in 2005 that now has more than 100 member companies.	英国司法部(Ministry of Justice)下属部门国家罪犯管理局(National Offender Management Service)认为，找到一份工作是阻止出狱罪犯重新回到监狱的最佳方法，然而在寻找就业机会方面他们面临众多挑战。该局于2005年创办了一个企业联盟，如今已有100多家会员公司。
Among them is Wiltan, which makes magnetic components including transformer cores in Pontypool, south Wales. Alison Itani, director, says it has had great difficulty finding staff and “had to learn to think beyond the traditional recruitment routes”.	其中包括威尔士南部庞蒂浦市的Wiltan，该公司生产包括变压器铁芯在内的各种磁性元件。公司董事艾莉森•伊塔尼(Alison Itani)表示，很难找到员工，因此“不得不学着跳出传统招聘模式来思考问题。”
She says: “There is undoubtedly a large pool of under-utilised skilled men and women in our prisons who are due for release into our communities, and who are keen and willing to work. Those we have employed have been exemplary employees.”	她表示：“毫无疑问，在我们的监狱里有很多未得到充分利用的高技能人才，他们即将刑满释放，回到社会中去，他们渴望并愿意工作。我们聘用的那些刑满人员都成了模范员工。”
The justice ministry says every year almost 12m hours are worked in prison industries, valued at about £30m ($49m, €35m) to businesses. “In 2007 almost 40,000 prisoners [out of 65,000] went into training or employment at the end of their sentence,” it says. The reoffending rate for all offenders dropped from 49 per cent to 40 per cent in 2000-2007.	英国司法部表示，每年监狱产业的工作时间几乎达到1200万小时，为企业创造了约3000万英镑（合4900万美元）的价值。据司法部称：“2007年，（在6.5万名犯人中）近4万人在刑满时接受了培训或找到了工作。”2000年至2007年，所有犯人的再犯罪率从49%降至40%。
The terms of operation for Noms prevent it undercutting the private sector because of the low wages paid – typically between £10 and £20 a week. In fact, 80 per cent of the work done in prisons is for the internal market, such as growing food for use in the institution's kitchens.	根据国家罪犯管理局的工作规定，他们不得支付工资较低的优势和私营部门抢生意——其向犯人支付的周薪一般介于10英镑至20英镑之间。实际上，在监狱中进行的工作，有80%针对内部市场，例如种植粮食供该局的厨房使用。
Summit Media is one business born in a prison, which has since expanded beyond its walls. The online marketing company was set up by Hedley Aylott and his mother Marion in 2000. A chorister and pianist, Mr Aylott started staging productions inside prisons during university vacations.	Summit Media是在监狱里诞生的一家企业，随后该公司把业务扩大到了监狱以外。这家在线营销公司由赫德利•艾洛特(Hedley Aylott)和他的母亲马里恩(Marion)于2000年创办。作为唱诗班歌手和钢琴演奏家，艾洛特在大学假期期间就开始在监狱里演奏他的作品。
In 1994, after graduating in engineering from Nottingham University, he was taking a postgraduate degree in Manchester when he was invited to work with inmates at Strangeways prison. It was the height of the gang wars that saw the city dubbed Gunchester. He and gang members formed Pro-ject X with DJ Justin Robinson and released a top 20 hit, “The Summit”, calling for an end to violence.	1994年从诺丁汉大学(Nottingham University)工程系毕业后，艾洛特在曼彻斯特继续攻读硕士学位。这时他受邀与斯特兰奇韦斯监狱(Strangeways)的犯人合作。当时是帮派冲突最严重的时期，使曼彻斯特获得了“枪之城”(Gunchester)的称号。艾洛特和一伙黑社会成员以及流行音乐主持人贾斯汀•罗宾逊(Justin Robinson)组建了Pro-ject X乐队，并发行了一首呼吁结束暴力的单曲The Summit，跻身歌曲排行榜20强。
Then, in 1995, he recalls: “I had a call from an East Yorkshire prison called the Wolds. The governor said: ‘I don't like your record but I would like you to come and do something here.'”	他回忆道：接着在1995年，“我接到一个电话，来自东约克郡一家名为沃尔兹(Wolds)的监狱。监狱长说‘我不喜欢你的唱片，但我希望你能过来，在这里做些事情。'”
Within weeks Mr Aylott was running workshops and staging performances inside. But he became frustrated that skills such as set design, musical composition and building websites were wasted after the production finished. “I decided to try to set up an online company within the prison. Well, you only live once, don't you?” Mrs Aylott, then head of education at Norwich prison, left her job to work with her son at the new venture.	几周之内，艾洛特在监狱里举办了学习班并进行表演。但在作品完成后，场景设计、音乐制作和建立网站等技能都被白白浪费了，对此他很失望。“我决定在这所监狱里创办一家互联网公司。你只能活一次，不是吗？”时任诺维治监狱(Norwich)教育主管的艾洛特夫人离开原职，与她的儿子共同打造这家新企业。
Summit set up shop in the prison's former garden gnome factory in 2001. Since then it has grown considerably, raising turnover from £100,000 to £21m in 2008-2009. Its clients include Argos and Play.com, two of the UK's top internet retailers.	Summit Media于2001年在这所监狱过去制作花园小矮人的工厂内开设了店铺。此后，该公司迅速壮大，2008年至2009年，营业额从10万英镑增至2100万英镑。其客户包括英国最大的两家互联网零售商Argos和Play.com。
Charlotte Broughton-May, a former prison officer who runs Summit operations at the Wolds, sifts through dozens of applications from prisons all over the country. The company will not accept anyone who has a conviction for intimidating witnesses or information technology fraud. It interviews them and makes a presentation to senior executives.	前监狱官夏洛特•布洛登-梅(Charlotte Broughton-May)在沃尔兹监狱经营Summit Media的业务，她是从来自全国各地监狱的申请者中脱颖而出的。该公司不会接受那些犯有胁迫证人罪或信息科技欺诈罪的犯人。公司会对他们进行面试，并向高管进行汇报。
Mr Aylottexplains: “I say ‘I am going to trust you and give you as much responsibility as possible, so do not let me down.' In our experience, very few people do.”	艾洛特解释道：“我会说‘我会相信你，并让你承担尽可能多的责任，所以不要让我失望。'根据我们的经验，很少有人会让我们失望。”
The prisoners, some of whom are on day release, earn £20 a week but Mr Aylott denies that cheap labour is a factor in the company's success. In fact, he says, “helping these people achieve success is a lifetime's work fraught with difficulty”. Not many businesses would be willing to take on the risk, he says, adding: “We have clients coming to visit and . . . getting patted down.”	犯人的周薪为20英镑，其中一些犯人正处于监外执行期。但艾洛特否认廉价劳动力是该公司成功的一个因素。实际上，他表示，“帮助这些人取得成功是充满艰辛的毕生工作”。愿意承担这一风险的公司不多，他表示，并补充称：“我们会有客户来访……他们还要接受搜身。”
But, he says, the prisoners help the business: “They are down-to-earth and come up with different ways of doing things.”	但他表示，罪犯帮助了这家企业：“他们踏实肯干，可以提出很多不同的做事方法。”
BCW Engineering, in Burnley, also seeks out ex-offenders. Alec Cassie, managing director, says: “It takes up a lot of management time. But it is well worth it to fix broken people.”	位于伯恩利的BCW Engineering也在挑选刑满释放人员聘为员工。该公司董事总经理亚历克•卡西(Alec Cassie)表示：“这占据了大量管理时间。但为了让他们重新做人，这是非常值得的。”
Summit has trained more than 350 ex-inmates, and 10 work for the company, out of a staff of 59. There are also 18 at the Wolds itself.	Summit Media培训了350多名刑满释放人员，该公司59名员工中，有10名刑满释放人员。此外还有18人在沃尔兹监狱工作。
Atti Ikbal, a lifer, is one of them. Aged 36, he has spent most of his adult life in prison, and is now running a team ensuring that customers' websites are running smoothly. “I love it,” he says. “If I am not getting it right someone is losing money.	被判无期徒刑的艾提•伊克伯(Atti Ikbal)就是其中之一。36岁的他，大部分成人时期都是在监狱度过的。如今，他管理着一个团队，负责确保客户网站平稳运行。“我喜欢这份工作，”他表示，“如果我出了差错，就会有人亏损。”
“If I didn't have this job I don't know what I would do with my life. For the first time, I am looking forward to getting out.”	“如果我没有得到这份工作，我不知道我的一生该怎么办。我第一次开始渴望离开监狱。”
How do employees feel about working alongside ex-offenders? Mr Foster says his 200-plus staff are sympathetic, and that some employees “have friends or family in prison. They understand”.	与曾经的罪犯一起工作，员工们又作何感受呢？福斯特表示，他的200多名员工都富有同情心，一些员工“的朋友或家人也在坐牢。他们能够理解”。
He believes former prisoners have generally made good employees. “Prison life has given them discipline. You get a great employee, who will stick with you through thick and thin.”	他认为，坐过牢的人一般都能成为优秀员工。“监狱生活教会了他们服从纪律。你会得到一名能够与你同甘共苦的优秀员工。”
	译者/梁艳裳 source: http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001027829/ce